Macadamia

Overview

Macadamia is an evergreen tree with stiff, glossy leaves and very hard-shelled, rich, buttery nuts. Trees can produce for many decades.

History

Native to eastern Australia, it is now one of Hawaiʻi’s best-known crops.

Growing on Kauaʻi

• Needs good drainage and shelter from strong wind while young.
• Grows at low to mid elevations.

Planting and propagation

• Plant grafted trees of named varieties for good nut quality.
• Stake young trees in windy areas.

Care and maintenance

• Mulch heavily.
• Prune to a strong central structure.

Role in the guild

A long-term canopy tree and windbreak, with pigeon pea and gliricidia for mulch while young.

Harvest

Nuts fall when mature. Gather them from the ground every week or two, remove the husks, and dry the nuts for a few weeks before cracking.

Uses

• Food: nuts raw or roasted; oil.
• Shelter: windbreak.

Problems to watch

• Rats eat nuts on the tree and ground.
• Wind damage to young trees.
• Very hard shells need a proper nutcracker.

General guidance for Kauaʻi; conditions vary by site. Check any new plant at plantpono.org before planting.